2Tanggung Jawab Internal Auditor. Tanggungjawab internal auditor dalam pencegahan, pendeteksian dan menginvstigasi perbuatan kecurangan masih menjadi perdebatan yang berkepanjangan dalam profesi audit, khususnya pada lembaga audit internal. Namun demikian tidak bisa dibantah baha internal auditor memegang peranan penting dalam Bambang Soesatyo pernah membuat pernyataan yang sempat viral di awal 2019 lalu, yakni saat dirinya mengusulkan agar motor diperbolehkan melalui jalan tol. Usulan tersebut lantas menimbulkan pro dan kontra di masyarakat. Bahkan, tak sedikit pula yang menuding kebijakan yang diusulkan Bamsoet tersebut untuk menguntungkan dirinya yang hobi Infoveillance(4.02%) Context (4.02%) In recent papers he was focusing on the following fields of study: Tim K. Mackey focuses on Social media, Infoveillance, Context, Content analysis and Health care. His Social media research is multidisciplinary, incorporating perspectives in Civil society, Public health and Artificial intelligence. Equityprovides every student access to education focused on meaningful learning–one that teaches the deeper learning skills and empowers students to learn independently throughout their lives. Equity can be downright daunting, and particularly when it comes to literacy education. The good news is that equity can be achieved through a series continuousprocess improvements that compound production system. Within projects context, in companies that uses TPM methodology (Total Productive Maintenance) there is a pillar called Early Equipment Management (EEM), which is responsible for projects management toward improving of the production process. GeneralManager (GM) CSR PT Berau Coal Horas P Pardede mengatakan, dalam program 4 pilar PT Berau Coal salah satunya yakni kesehatan. Hal ini bentuk komitmen PT Berau Coal bagaimana bisa berkontribusi buat masyarakat. Salah satunya dari segi kesehatan ini. SafetyManagement System berarti suatu pendekatan sistematis untuk mengelola keselamatan, termasuk struktur organisasi yang diperlukan, kewajiban,kebijakan dan prosedur. Safety Manager berarti seseorang yang bertanggungjawabmemberikan panduan dan arahan untuk sistem manjemen keselamatan organisasi. Regularand effective maintenance and repair of tools and equipment is an important element of safety. Vehicles should undergo regular inspections and have worn or broken parts replaced. Any tools with cutting elements such as blade, knives or drill bits must be kept sharp. Any equipment that has integral safety features such as guards, alarms . EngineeringMechanical EngineeringAerospace Engineering605764 This content was COPIED from - View the original, and get the already-completed solution here!List and explain the "4 Pillars" of SMS. List and explain the "4 Pillars" of SMS. Assess their value in creating a "proactive and predictive" safety program. Remember, you must have a title page, 300 word body written in 3rd person, and at least two references. © BrainMass Inc. June 13, 2023, 1205 am ad1c9bdddf Solution PreviewHello and thank you for your question. I have provided guidance on your topic to help you with your short essay. Please see below. *********************************************************************************************************************** According to the Federal Aviation System, the 4 Pillars of Safety Management Systems SMS are • Safety Policy • Safety Risk Management • Safety Assurance • Safety Promotion *********************************************************************************************************************** Safety Policy "Establishes senior management's commitment to continually improve safety; defines the methods, processes, and organizational structure needed to meet safety goals". It establishes safety objectives and encourages the commitment to manage them. It also outlines how safety goals will be met via specific methods, procedures and organizational methods, and builds upon these methods. Furthermore it allows for transparency within the management of safety. As such, it allows for specific processes and operations to be defined beforehand to ensure that everything runs the way it should. This is a proactive ... Solution Summary List and explain the "4 Pillars" of SMS. Assess their value in creating a "proactive and predictive" safety program. What should your SMS Safety Management System consist of? There are four pillars to a SMS that we will briefly discuss. If you would like to go more in-dept, join our FREE SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM course. You will receive a certificate at the end of the course. Safety meetings and company training are key components of an SMSPillars of a Safety Management SystemSafety Management Systems have four pillars Safety PolicySafety Risk ManagementSafety AssuranceSafety PromotionSMS Pillar 1 Safety Policy Safety policy establishes management’s commitment to safety. A safety policy should include the overall expectations of employees and stakeholders. It should outline the available resources to employees to help them carry out the company’s safety goals. The SMS safety policy should answer any questions employees have about how to carry out their safety responsibilities. The safety policy should describe the overall safety goals, clear safety goals, a safety organization chart, and a key safety staff list. The SMS safety policy should lay out each employee’s role and safety responsibilities. The safety policy is a framework that allows the company to ensure the risk is as low as practically possible. As long as everyone follows the framework, the risks should stay low. If the safety policy is not followed, an investigation must take place. Management must ask why the policy was not followed and what extra steps could prevent a future issue. In the past, admitting a mistake was frowned upon. Under an SMS, employees are asked to submit incident reports to continue to improve the safety system. Safety incident reports should not be seen as punishable but as opportunities to learn. If employees fear retribution, they are less likely to come forward with concerns or share mistakes. Under an SMS safety policy, employees should report all incidences, accidents, near misses, policy infractions, safety hazards, and safety concerns. SMS Pillar 2 Safety Risk ManagementSafety risk management is a formal process and involves describing the system and recognizing the dangers, then identifying, assessing, analyzing, and controlling the risk. For instance, if you are about to conduct a flight to an airport with a high-density altitude on a hot day, first, the dispatchers and pilots must conduct risk management. What are the risks? What could go wrong? If it does go wrong, what will be the outcome? Some risk management discussions will find risks that are improbable or can be acceptably mitigated. Some discussions will result in determining that the risk is likely or will have catastrophic consequences. In that case, stakeholders might have to cancel the operation until the risk can be acceptably mitigated. There are three different types of risk management reactive, proactive, and predictive. An SMS aims to shift the risk management focus from reactive towards proactive and predictive. The goal is to move the company as close as possible towards predictive risk management. Reactive risk management occurs when an accident or incident has already taken place. Reactive risk management aims to minimize damage after the accident. Then, management looks at the accident, determines what went wrong, and puts procedures in place to prevent a future similar accident. Reactive risk management is not ideal because the accident has already taken place. It also only addresses a specific accident or incident and does not address the overall safety culture. Suppose a bald tire caused an aircraft to skid off a runway. A reactive risk assessment might lead to a decision to check all tires. In this case, the risk assessment will only minimize the very specific bald tire risk. Proactive risk management involves noticing the risks and minimizing the risk before an accident occurs. Suppose a line manager noticed a bald tire but replaced the tire before the flight and requested all tires to be re-checked. In that case, the line manager has effectively and proactively managed the risk. Predictive risk management is conducted by management and not by line employees. When predictive risk management takes place, tires are continuously monitored, and checklists are in place. Predictive risk management systematically monitors all aspects of the operation. It predicts what systems need to be updated to mitigate risk. When a company moves towards predictive risk management, there should be less proactive and reactive risk management. SMS Pillar 3 Safety AssuranceSafety Assurance SA provides confidence that the Safety Management System is operating as intended. Again, this is a step where questions are asked. If the flight dispatcher decided that the high-density altitude was acceptable, did the risk management step work as desired? Did anything go wrong on the flight? Did anything almost go wrong? Audits should be conducted to ensure that the SMS is operating well. This audit can be done internally or with external help, depending on the size of the company. The audit should prove that the company’s SMS has safety procedures that operate as desired. The audit will confirm that the SMS has safety metrics that are specific, measurable, and relevant. The audit should confirm that safety policies are in place. The organization continuously monitors safety data, proactively minimizes risks, and understands their roles and responsibilities. SMS Pillar 4 Safety PromotionSafety promotion refers to a cultural shift; all stakeholders should focus on safety and risk management. Everyone in the company should feel comfortable reporting safety issues and be proactive. Employees are trained to recognize risks and minimize them. Workers that work in a company with a healthy safety promotion culture and an effective SMS focus on safety, even when no one is watching. For more guidance from the FAA about how an air carrier should implement an SMS, check out FAA Advisory Circular AC 120-92B – Safety Management Systems for Aviation Service ProvidersSource - Share on Facebook If there’s one takeaway for new professionals in aviation safety management, it’s that aviation risk management is a process. It is not a single, solid “thing.” This process is cyclical and can be identified by several stages that form a systematic approach to safety risk management, including Establishing acceptable levels of safety, including defining likelihood and severity; Hazard identification, including identification of risks, hazard mechanisms, and other safety weaknesses; Evaluation of safety behavior, bureaucracy, and other factors that influence safety; Creation of control measures designed to mitigate the likelihood and impact of hazards and risk consequences; Implementation of risk controls into the existing safety management system; Monitoring the operating environment and efficacy of risk controls; and Communicating risk to employees and stakeholders. Related Aviation Risk Management Articles Difference between Reactive, Predictive and Proactive Risk Management in Aviation SMS What Is the Process of Risk Management in Aviation SMS 3 Main Components of Aviation Risk Management Other resources online will usually identify anywhere from three to five stages in the risk management process, but we have identified seven stages in order to close the feedback loop with Monitoring and Awareness. Risk Management and Hazard Identification Hazard identification in the safety risk management process requires several things Awareness of operational processes, relevant safety data, techniques, and strategies; Thorough risk analysis activities and documentation of hazards, risk consequences, and mitigation strategies risk controls; and Ability to spot threats in the operational environment identify, and then document any new hazards. Hazard and risk awareness are inspired in several different ways Industry experience; Experience in a particular location/environment, such as long-term employment with the same company; Through safety promotion, such as safety newsletters, lessons learned library, safety meetings, and so on; and Probably most obviously, from aviation safety training. Hazard identification is the end product of safety awareness, and should result in enhanced safety hazard reporting activities. Hazard reporting is an essential bridge between Safety Risk Management and Safety Assurance. When hazards are being reported, it's a good indication that they have been properly identified and employees are aware of them. Hazard identification can occur in two components of the aviation SMS Safety risk management SRM during proactive hazard identification activities; and Safety assurance SA monitoring activities. Aviation SMS' risk management processes are iterative in nature. Most existing operators have processes and workflows to deliver products and services to their clients. Documented processes provide management the assurances that the company can repeatedly deliver its products and/or services in a safe efficient manner. In an aviation SMS, these documented processes live in the SRM component. Most operators will have a hazard register that lists out operational hazards; associated risk consequences should a hazard manifest itself; and risk controls to correct, prevent or detect developing hazards. Hazard registers may also contain relevant review documentation, such as who owns the associated process? when was the hazard last evaluated? what reported safety issues and audit findings are related to each hazard? Hazard registers are commonly managed in either spreadsheets very small operators or unsophisticated SMS data management strategies; or SMS databases. In the early years of SMS implementations, operators will commonly store their list of hazards in a spreadsheet. The problem the spreadsheet presents is that it is disconnected from the SMS risk management system. Operators that use an integrated SMS database can manage their all SMS activities within one system. A simple way of considering these integrated SMS databases to manage hazards is to think of A system of related data management systems. Related Aviation SMS Data Management Articles 5 Most Important Things to Know before Buying Aviation SMS Database 3 Benefits of Aviation Safety Management System SMS Databases 5 Things Spreadsheets Can’t Do for Your SMS Aviation SMS Is Also a System of Related Systems Safety professionals recognize that an SMS implementation covers a wide range of activities that can be grouped under the four pillars Safety policy; Safety risk management; Safety assurance; and Safety promotion. All four components are essential to an effective, compliant aviation SMS. For example, employees are encouraged to monitor the "operational systems" and report potential hazards using the "safety reporting system." Both safety reporting and auditing are part of the safety assurance SA component. Employees' submitted safety reports and audit findings enter the SMS "risk management system" where risk analysis is performed and affected systems' designs are reviewed. Subject matter experts and process owners review affected systems' designs in the safety risk management SRM component. Before employees report safety issues, they need training on what sort of anomalies to be aware of. Employees need training and a continual reminder to remain alert for potential safety concerns. Safety training and increasing employee awareness are managed in the "safety promotion" component. Finally, to encourage safety reporting activities, employees need some assurances and protections against management reprisals for self-reporting. Who is responsible for reporting safety issues? Who is responsible for managing the reported safety issues? These SMS elements are managed under the safety policy component. As we can see from a very simple example, all four components are related and are important for an organization to successfully practice safety risk management processes. Determining Acceptable Level of Risk An essential part of hazard identification is the risk analysis where subject matter experts and safety professionals Evaluate the adequacy of existing controls for reducing the likelihood of hazard expression or subsequent accident; Evaluate existing conditions of the company, such as safety culture, behaviors, Norms, quality of documentation and analysis, etc.; Determine overall exposure based on severity and likelihood; and Assess the risk of hazard expression or accident/incident. Evaluation and risk assessment of safety issues involves Determining the future likelihood of the issue having negative consequences; The potential severity of likely negative consequences; Traditionally, risk assessments are performed on the risk of a hazard - the likelihood of a risk occurring, and the severity of damages from the risk. However, many oversight agencies tend to be open to performing risk assessments on the likelihood and relative danger level of hazard expression dangerous condition, which allows organizations to control danger at an earlier stage in the flow of safety events and mitigate danger at root causes/hazard mechanisms. In general, this is a very proactive practice, but you just need to make sure you can explain and justify any risk assessment. Aviation service providers usually don't receive findings for the "correctness" of their actions, but rather their inability to show their processes, explain their processes, or document relevant information. Related Aviation Risk Management Articles What Are Important Factors of Aviation Risk Management Process 8 Stages of Safety Events in Aviation Risk Management Process How to Document Your System Processes in Aviation SMS Safety Risk Management and Developing Risk Controls Risk controls are your aviation SMS' front line of defense against hazard occurrence and accidents. An essential part of the SRM process is developing risk controls where needed. By "where needed" we mean Existing risk controls don't bring the condition to an acceptable level of safety inadequacy, drift; No risk control exists for a condition non-existence; or New hazards or risks are introduced by a risk control substitute risk. In either of the above scenarios, risk controls will need to be Created; Analyzed; and Implemented. Controls are generally implemented through the management of change process or issue management process, depending on the nature and scope of the new/updated control. Safety Risk Management Processes Never Stop Through the safety risk management process, there is a trend toward ever-occurring continuous improvement of the operator's system and operational processes. As time passes and hazards have been mitigated, the system will naturally improve. Yet there will never become a time where the operator enjoys complete safety unless they cease operations. The "aviation system" is an open system and the operating environment always changes. Risk will never be completely mitigated in an open system. The continual treatment of safety concerns as they arise will afford the best risk management solution that we can develop at this point of our existence. This is the reason we have required aviation SMS implementations operators would not seek out and adopt effective risk management processes without government intervention. Related Aviation SMS Implementation Articles Why Should We Implement Aviation SMS? SMS First Steps - How to Create an SMS Implementation Plan Implementing Aviation SMS for Small Providers Final Thought Risk Management Self Evaluation Evaluating your own processes in the risk management process is vital. It’s important to pay attention to things like How efficient are your risk management tools? How in-depth is your safety data – how complex are your metrics? How straightforward are your bureaucratic processes could a stranger easily understand your processes? The SRM process is what you do to Identify hazards; Assess risk; Identify risks scenarios risk consequences; and Manage risk controls. All of your risk management activities will be revolving around these concepts as you design new systems or monitor existing operational processes. These workflows and guides for safety performance may provide very useful in honing your risk management processes. Last updated in September 2022. Topics 2-Safety Risk Management August 22nd, 2019 - 4 min read Safety Policy and Objectives The Pillar 1 of ICAO states safety policy and objectives of an organization. Under this pillar, defined is how an organization manages safety and documents it with other employees. The process goes with; Commitment and Responsibility The commitment and responsibility of employees and management towards safety is reflected in a policy statement, signed by the Accountable Executive. Safety Accountabilities Safety accountabilities is the statement which clearly defines the safety responsibilities of every employees at different levels in the organization. It also depicts the responsibilities established in critical areas whenever responsibility holders are absent. Emergency Response Plan Emergency Response Plan is the proper plan that is implemented to ensure best practices whenever an emergency situation arises. Documentation The overall safety activities must be documented and delivered to the employees. The documented policies must be undertaken by the employees when required. Safety Risk Management The Pillar 2 of ICAO states safety risk management in an organization. Under this pillar, hazard is identified and risk management process is carried out. Hazard Identification The airline must process risk management activities to ensure every possible hazards can be identified. Risk assessment and mitigation After every possible hazards are analyzed, their possible results are accessed and well communicated in organization. Actions to mitigate various detected hazards must be undertaken for risk management. Safety Assurance The Pillar 3 of ICAO states safety assurance in an organization. Under this pillar, safety is measured and monitored to implement changes. Safety Performance Monitoring and Measurement Safety assurance is done to access the health of an organization, focusing on safety. The required goals is set for improvements for managerial employees. It is done to monitor and measure the safety goals. Management of Change Management of Change is responsible for identifying various safety related factors and introducing changes in the organization. Continuous improvement of the SMS program Safety assurance uses various tools to audit the overall organization. For the continuous improvement of the SMS program, each functional area of the airline is processed and accordingly. Safety Promotion The Pillar 4 of ICAO states safety promotion in an organization. Under this pillar, safety is promoted by providing training and education and communicating within organization. Training and Education For the safety promotion, operators need to identify safety training requirements for each level of management and for each employee. The main objective behind training and education is to ensure that the employees have the knowledge and skills to safely complete work activities. Safety Communication Safety communications means to ensure safety by providing information to all level of employees. Communicating every aspect to employees and management is done for implementing improvements on all the levels.